Abstract
An Li2ZnTi3O8/graphene (LZTO/G) anode is successfully synthesized by a two-step reaction. The results show that LZTO particles can be well dispersed into the graphene conductive network. The conductive structure greatly improves the electrochemical performance of LZTO/G. When cycled for 400 cycles, 76.4% of the capacity for the 2nd cycle is maintained at 1 A g−1. Also, 174.8 and 156.5 mA h g−1 are still delivered at the 100th cycle for 5 and 6 A g−1, respectively. The excellent cyclic performance and the large specific capacities at high current densities are due to the good conductive network of the LZTO active particles, large pore volume, small particle size, low charge-transfer resistance and high lithium diffusion coefficient.
Highlights
Spinel Li2ZnTi3O8 (LZTO) is highly competitive as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its environmentfriendly raw materials, good safety and simple synthetic process.[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11] The insertion/deinsertion reaction for Li+ ions in LZTO can be expressed as follows: Li2ZnTi3O8 + 3Li+ + 3eÀ 4 Li5ZnTi3O8 (1)As seen in eqn (1), Ti4+ can be reduced to Ti3+ when discharged to 0 V in LZTO with relatively large theoretical capacity of 227 mA h gÀ1
The results show that LZTO particles can be well dispersed into the graphene conductive network
The conductive carbon coating can enhance the electronic conductivity of LZTO, and nano-sized particles improve the diffusion of Li+ ions
Summary
Spinel Li2ZnTi3O8 (LZTO) is highly competitive as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its environmentfriendly raw materials, good safety and simple synthetic process.[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11] The insertion/deinsertion reaction for Li+ ions in LZTO can be expressed as follows: Li2ZnTi3O8 + 3Li+ + 3eÀ 4 Li5ZnTi3O8 (1)As seen in eqn (1), Ti4+ can be reduced to Ti3+ when discharged to 0 V in LZTO with relatively large theoretical capacity of 227 mA h gÀ1. The results show that LZTO particles can be well dispersed into the graphene conductive network. The conductive structure greatly improves the electrochemical performance of LZTO/G. The excellent cyclic performance and the large specific capacities at high current densities are due to the good conductive network of the LZTO active particles, large pore volume, small particle size, low charge-transfer resistance and high lithium diffusion coefficient.
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