Abstract
In recent years, three schemes for producing low-emittance muon beams have been proposed: (1) positron-electron annihilation above threshold using a positron storage ring with a thin target, (2) laser/FEL-photon back-scattering off high-energy proton beams circulating in the LHC or FCC-hh, (3) the Gamma factory concept where partially stripped heavy ions collide with a laser pulse to directly generate muons. The Gamma factory would also deliver copious amounts of positrons which could in turn be used as source for option (1). On the other hand the top-up booster of the FCC-ee design would be an outstanding positron storage ring, at the right beam energy, around 45 GeV. After rapid acceleration the muons, produced in one of the three or four ways, could be collided in machines like the SPS, LHC or FCC-hh. Possible collider layouts are suggested.
Highlights
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN currently collides protons at a centre-of-mass (c.m.) energy of 13 TeV, which defines the “energy frontier”
In the following we study how the LHC/FCC complex could be upgraded into a muon collider, using one of the recently proposed novel muon production schemes [4,5,6,7] and the circulating high-energy high-intensity positron, proton, and/or heavy-ion beams
Considering collisions at the LHC, about 3% of the muons produced are in the highest “energy band,” around 2500 GeV, with a transverse normalized emittance of 6.5 μm, and 3% longitudinal momentum spread
Summary
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN currently collides protons at a centre-of-mass (c.m.) energy of 13 TeV, which defines the “energy frontier”. The hadron version of the Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh) would be a 100 TeV collider, based on new 100 km tunnel infrastructure [1]. Muon colliders offer a tantalizing path towards fundamental collisions at the 10–100 TeV energy scale [3]. In the following we study how the LHC/FCC (or CEPC/SppC) complex could be upgraded into a muon collider, using one of the recently proposed novel muon production schemes [4,5,6,7] and the circulating high-energy high-intensity positron, proton, and/or heavy-ion beams. Muons at rest decay exponentially, (1/Nμ)dNμ/dt = −1/τ0, with a lifetime τ0 of 2.2 μs.
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