Abstract
Cosmic rays (CRs) are relativistic charged particles in the interstellar medium (ISM). They are mainly protons (hydrogen nuclei) with about 10% fraction of helium nuclei and smaller abundances of heavier elements. CRs are an important component in ISM. In our galaxy, the energy density of CRs is similar to that of the magnetic fields and interstellar radiation fields (ISRFs). CRs also determine the ionization rate and heating of gas in the dense core of molecular clouds, thus playing a leading role in the astro-chemistry processes therein and controling the star-forming processes.
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