Abstract
This paper investigates the lexical richness of newspaper editorials written by the writers from ESL (English as a Second Language) and EFL (English as a Foreign Language) of Southeast Asian countries. Using editorial texts published on the same day in two major online newspapers from Malaysia and the Philippines as representative of ESL countries, and two major online newspapers published in Indonesia and Thailand that represent EFL countries, this paper compares the production of Type Token Ratio (TTR) as a measurement of the lexical richness. This study displays a profile of lexical richness gained by submitting the texts into a vocabulary profiler program namely Lexical Frequency Profile (LFP) proposed by Laufer and Nation (1995) to highlight the emergence of the high-frequency word list (K1 and K2 words) and low-frequency word list (AWL and Off-list words). In general, the results show that in all terms of word lists, ESL texts have more varied vocabulary than EFL texts as indicated by the TTR scores (ESL: 0.51; EFL: 0.49). Although the gap of the TTR scores between ESL and EFL texts is slightly insignificant, a bigger TTR score indicates a high lexical richness, while a smaller TTR score shows a low lexical richness. The higher score of TTR in ESL texts could be understood since English plays an important role in education, governance policy and popular culture in those countries (i.e. Malaysia and the Philippines), meanwhile, in Indonesia and Thailand, it plays a lesser role.
Highlights
The collective analysis was aimed to find out the general lexical frequency profile (LFP), while separate analysis was done to find out the LFP of each text
An editorial text published in Manila Bulletin News from the Philippines produces 791 tokens, consists of 585 words belong to K1, 59 words belong to K2, 55 words belong to Academic Word List (AWL) and 92 words belong to an off-list category
An editorial published in The Jakarta Post from Indonesia contains 549 words, consisting of the majority of 410 words that fall into the K1 category, 16 words fall into the K2 group, 41 words fall into AWL and 82 words fall into the off-list category
Summary
Some scholars have argued how to acknowledge the opinion and editorial articles published in both online and printed newspapers. Biber (1988) and Van Dijk (1996) treat both opinion and editorials as the same type of text, while Diller (2000) and Morley and Murphy (2005) claim those articles are different. Biber (1988) and Van Dijk (1996) conclude that both opinion and editorial articles display three aspects. Biber (1988) and Van Dijk (1996) conclude that both opinion and editorial articles display three aspects. Biber (1988) and Van Dijk (1996) treat both opinion and editorials as the same type of text, while Diller (2000) and Morley and Murphy (2005) claim those articles are different.
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