Lexical and Phonological Differences in Javanese in Probolinggo, Surabaya, and Ngawi, Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to reveal part of language components named lexical and phonological differences in Javanese in East Java, Indonesia. Data were collected from a sample of three regions which are Probolinggo, Surabaya, and Ngawi. Probolinggo was chosen because of its adjacency to Madura Island. Surabaya was chosen because of its strategic location not only the centre of government, but also as the Capital City of East Java Province. Meanwhile, Ngawi was chosen because of its location in the west-end of East Java and directly adjacent to Central Java Province. This research is a quantitative research. The data were Javanese used by adults in East Java, especially in Probolinggo, Surabaya, and Ngawi. The research instrument used was Nothofer questionnaire which was modified by Kisyani to be 829 glossaries of words/phrases. The results of the study revealed that: 1) the most lexical of Javanese was in the western and eastern parts of East Java thus the least was in the central government of East Java Province, Surabaya, 2) lexical differences in Javanese in Probolinggo, Surabaya, and Ngawi result in one dialect and two sub dialects, and 3) phonological differences in Javanese in Probolinggo, Surabaya, and Ngawi produced three utterances.