Lewis Lung Cancer Tumor Growth Inhibition by Disruption of Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β1) Pathway in Murine Model

Abstract

Results: The mean pre-diagnosis NLR was significantly associated with lung cancer patient overall survival. Compared to patients with a low NLR level, those with elevated NLR exhibited a significant unfavorable overall survival with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.50 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30-1.75, p Z 7.2 x 10) after adjusting for other covariates. The association was internally validated with bootstrap (p < 0.01 at 99% resampling). The effect of NLR significantly interacted with race (p interaction Z 0.005), and smoking status (p interaction Z 0.02). The association was more pronounced in nonwhite patients (HR Z 2.16, 95% CI Z 1.61-2.89, p Z 2.62 x 10) than in white patients (HR Z 1.31, 95% CI Z 1.10-1.57, P Z 0.002) (p interaction Z 0.005), and in never smokers or patients with unknown smoking status (HRZ 2.60, 95%CIZ 1.61-4.19, pZ 9.1 x 10) than in past smokers (HR Z 1.55, 95% CI Z 1.24-1.93, p Z 0.0001) or current smokers (HR Z 1.32, 95% CI Z 1.04-1.68, p Z 0.02). Flexible parametric survival model demonstrated that the increased risk for death associated with elevated pre-diagnosis NLR persisted over 18 months after diagnosis. Conclusions: Our data suggests that pre-diagnosis NLR might be used as an independent prognostic marker for overall survival for lung cancer patients. The effect of NLR on overall survival seems to be more pronounced for those patients with races other than white, and for nonsmokers when compared with the past and current smokers. We plan to further analyze the effect of the pre-diagnosis NLR on overall survival in the context of nutritional status and performance status of patients with lung cancer. Author Disclosure: V. Bar Ad: None. Y. Lai: None. B. Lu: None. J. Palmer: None. R. Myers: None. Z. Ye: None. C. Wang: None. R. Axelrod: None. B. Campling: None. M. Werner-Wasik: None. S. Cowan: None. N. Evans: None. R. Kumar: None. B. Hehn: None. C. Solomides: None. H. Yang: None.