Leveraging bone age assessment via a novel joint decomposition teacher–student learning paradigm from X-ray images

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ABSTRACT Advancements in technology has accelerated the evolution of bone age assessment (BAA) methodologies, one of which is deep learning algorithms, which overcome the drawbacks of conventional approaches. In spite of excellent effectiveness of deep neural networks in detection of the correct class for bone age, they have a significant degree of complexity due to the numerous parameters they employ for each region of interest (ROI). In this paper, we propose a BAA method using a hybrid knowledge distillation (KD) paradigm in order to conquer this difficulty by mapping different ROIs into a single ROI. In this regard, the student receives knowledge from a teacher network that has been pre-trained on six ROIs including bones of five fingers and the wrist, transfers the knowledge of its final response layer and internal layers to the student. Then, six student models each of which is constructed based on just one of these ROIs, while receiving the information of the teacher model. Empirical results on digital hand atlas report that our student model trained on one ROI obtains 95% accuracy on 19 classes of bone age.