Leveraging Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning to Optimize Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Protocols.

Abstract

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols have transformed perioperative care by implementing evidence-based strategies to hasten patient recovery, decrease complications, and shorten hospital stays. However, challenges such as inconsistent adherence and the need for personalized adjustments persist, prompting exploration into innovative solutions. The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) offers a promising avenue for optimizing ERAS protocols. While ERAS emphasizes preoperative optimization, minimally invasive surgery (MIS), and standardized postoperative care, challenges such as adherence variability and resource constraints impede its effectiveness. AI/ML technologies offer opportunities to overcome these challenges by enabling real-time risk prediction, personalized interventions, and efficient resource allocation. AI/ML applications in ERAS extend to patient risk stratification, personalized care plans, and outcome prediction. By analyzing extensive patient datasets, AI/ML algorithms can predict individual patient risks and tailor interventions accordingly. Moreover, AI/ML facilitates proactive interventions through predictive modeling of postoperative outcomes, optimizing resource allocation, and enhancing patient care. Despite the potential benefits, integrating AI and ML into ERAS protocols faces obstacles such as data access, ethical considerations, and healthcare professional training. Overcoming these challenges requires a human-centered approach, fostering collaboration among clinicians, data scientists, and patients. Transparent communication, robust cybersecurity measures, and ethical model validation are crucial for successful integration. It is essential to ensure that AI and ML complement rather than replace human expertise, with clinicians maintaining oversight and accountability.