Levels of true digestible lisiane and metabolizable energy for growing pigs: effect on nitrogen and energy balance

Rafael Coutinho Finamor Chiaradia,Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo,Paulo Borges Rodrigues,José Augusto De Freitas Lima,Elias Tadeu Fialho,Raimundo Vicente De Sousa

doi:10.1590/s1413-70542009000600028

Rafael Coutinho Finamor Chiaradia, Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542009000600028

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Abstract

An experiment was conducted at the Department of Animal Husbandry of Universidade Federal de Lavras aiming to study the nitrogen and energy balance in diets with reduced crude protein rates (CP) and different levels of energy and lysine for growing pigs. 52 castrated pigs (initial weight = 36.13 ± 2.8 kg) of high genetic potential were used, housed individually in metabolism cages (experimental unit). The treatments consisted of 12 diets with three levels of metabolizable energy (ME) (3060, 3230 and 3400 kcal / kg) and four of true digestible lysine (TDL) (0.7, 0.9, 1.1 and 1, 3%) with 14% CP plus a control diet with 3230 kcal ME / kg, 1.03% TDL and 18% CP. We used a DBC in time 3x4 +1 factorial design with four replications to verify the absorbed nitrogen (AN), N retained (NR), the NR / NA (%),absorbed energy (AE), retained energy (RE) and the ratio RE /AE (%). In relation retained nitrogen / absorbed nitrogen was declining linear regression (P <0.05) when 3400 kcal / kg was used, where the lowest levels (0.7 and 0.9%) of TDL showed the best results. In the study of energy balance, for the variables retained energy and the relationship between energy there was no difference (P> 0.05) between the control treatment and other experimental diets. It is concluded that the levels 3230 kcal / kg and 1.03% of TDL can be used without affecting the utilization of nitrogen by growing pigs in diets with reduced crude protein content.

Highlights

Swine production has undergone intense development in Brazil after the introduction of modern commercial hybrids with high genetic potential
The treatments consisted of 12 diets based on corn and soybean meal, formulated with three levels of metabolizable energy (ME) (3060, 3230 and 3400 kcal / kg) and four true digestible lysine (TDL) (0.7, 0.9, 1.1 and 1.3%) with 14% crude protein rates (CP) and one control treatment, with 3230 kcal ME / kg, 1.03% TDL and 18% CP, formulated according to the recommendations suggested by Rostagno et al (2005)
From the results obtained in this work, it is possible to infer that the energy levels present in the diet may influence the absorption of nitrogen, depending on the levels of lysine

Summary

Introduction

Swine production has undergone intense development in Brazil after the introduction of modern commercial hybrids with high genetic potential. Breeding systems still face difficulty in meeting efficiently the high nutritional requirements of these animals In this context, in order to meet these requirements and at the same time improving the efficient use of nutrients in the diets, new concepts for the formulation of rations have been investigated. The use of only a few synthetic amino acids in diets with reduced crude protein and the lysine: energy ratio, have been highlighted as points of questions for further research (Rao et al 2006; Zangeronimo et al 2006). The possibility of manipulation of protein levels in the diet by reducing the crude protein and amino acid supplementation and correction of industrial energy levels can be a viable alternative to improve the efficiency of nutrient use by animals

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