Levels of Selected Matrix Metalloproteinases-MMP-1, MMP-2 and Fibronectin in the Saliva of Patients Planned for Endodontic Treatment or Surgical Extraction.

Ewa Matuszczak,Ewa Gorodkiewicz,Marzena Tylicka,Magdalena Nowosielska,Izabela Cwalina,Anna Sankiewicz,Łukasz Ołdak,Adam Hermanowicz,Katarzyna Wawrzyn

doi:10.3390/jcm9123971

Abstract

Objectives: Composition of saliva reflects the condition of the oral cavity. The aim of the study: Investigation of the concentrations of MMP-1 (Matrix metalloproteinase-1), MMP-2 (Matrix metalloproteinase-2) and fibronectin in the saliva of patients planned for endodontic treatment or surgical extraction. Material and methods: Seventy-five patients with caries and 14 healthy subjects were included in the study. Subjects were divided into group 1, in which 50 patients were planned for endodontic treatment, and group 2, in which 25 patients were planned for surgical extraction. For the measurements, we used a surface plasmon resonance imaging biosensor. Results: We found higher levels of MMP-1, MMP-2 and fibronectin in the saliva of patients planned for dental treatment than in healthy donors. We found lower concentrations of MMP-2 in subjects planned for surgical extraction, than in patients planned for endodontic treatment; however, there were no such differences in salivary concentrations of MMP-1 and fibronectin. There were no statistically significant differences in MMP-1 concentrations in the saliva before and after any type of dental treatment, but contrary to that, we found a statistically significant decrease in MMP-2 concentrations after endodontic treatment and after surgical extraction. We found a significant rise in the concentrations of fibronectin after surgical extraction but not after endodontic treatment. Conclusions: The concentrations of MMP-1 and MMP-2 in the saliva of our patients with caries were increased in comparison to healthy individuals, but after the treatment—so sanation of the oral cavity—we noted a decrease in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) levels. MMPs can be found in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva, carious dentin and plaque. According to our observations, the main source of MMPs in patients with caries is probably carious dentin. Increase in the salivary levels of fibronectin (FN) after surgical extraction may be connected with soft tissue injury caused by surgical extraction. Our results are another example of the fact that higher salivary concentrations of MMP-1, MMP-2 and FN can reflect the health status of the oral cavity in patients with caries.

Highlights

Saliva is the most important fluid in the oral cavity, where reactions occur between food, glands secretions, microorganisms and tissues
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) can be found in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva, carious dentin and plaque
We found lower concentrations of MMP-2 in patients planned for surgical extraction with active carious lesions than in patients planned for endodontic treatment with chronic caries

Summary

Introduction

Saliva is the most important fluid in the oral cavity, where reactions occur between food, glands secretions, microorganisms and tissues. Saliva consists of gingival crevicular fluid, comparable to serum, and salivary glands secretions consisting of water (99.5%), organic components (0.3%) and non-organic components (0.2%) [2]. MMPs take part in physiological processes, including remodeling of tissues, healing of wounds, inflammation, immunity and angiogenesis [4,5]. MMPs process bioactive substrates e.g., cytokines with anti-inflammatory action, growth factors, serum elements and chemokines, and in this way they affect anti-inflammatory and immune reactions [4,5,6]. The action of MMPs was discovered in various pathologic conditions such as atheroma, arthritis, cancer, periodontitis, tissue ulcers and fibrosis [4,5,6]

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