Abstract
As a cheap source of high-quality protein, healthy fats and essential nutrients, dried fish is a common item in the daily diet of the Bangladesh populace. In this study, ten types of widely consumed dried fish (H. neherius, T. lepturu, P.chinensis, P. affinis, A. mola, P. microdon, I. megaloptera, C. dussumieri, L. calcarifer, and G. chapra) were analyzed for Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Hg, Pb, Ni and As by using an Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique. The concentration of the studied metals was found in the order Fe > Zn > Hg > Cu > Se > Cr > Mn > Co > Rb > Pb, while As and Ni were below the limit of detection. All fish species showed moderate to high pollution, where the species H. Neherius and P. Chinensis are the most and least polluted ones, respectively. The probable source of contamination is the leaching from the drying pans into the fish samples, atmospheric deposition, anthropogenic contamination, etc. of the water body where these fish were harvested. The calculated hazard index for the general population was below the maximum limiting value (i.e., < 1) except for Hg to children. The carcinogenic risk showed values lower than the acceptable limit for cancer risks (10–6 to 10–4). Periodic monitoring of trace metals in the aquatic organisms along with fish is recommended to avoid any unexpected health hazards caused by the toxic heavy metals via fish consumption.
Highlights
This study reports the metal concentrations in dried fishes as dry weight basis
In order to make a fair comparison of the determined metal concentrations, the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) data has been converted to dry weight using a simple relation (8): mg 100 − % of water in the sample
The results show considerable difference compared to the study of Akter et al.[53] on dried fish species from Cox’s Bazaar, noting that, Akter et al.[53] analyzed dried fish species that with the exception of H. neherius were different from those studied
Summary
The determined metal concentrations values were tabulated and tested for normality and homogeneity of variance prior to the statistical analyses. One-way variance of analysis (ANOVA) was used to test for significant differences in metal levels among different dried fish species. All required analyses and graphical representations were performed using a combination of R Studio v.1.1.453, P AST18, and Prism 8.0 (GraphPad Software Inc., USA), and ArcGIS 10.6 software
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