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Abstract
Objectives: Chronic exposure to lead is known to cause adverse health effects. Workers at fuel stations are exposed to high concentrations of lead during filling cars and through Car’s emissions and being in contact with contaminated hands, food, water and clothing. This study was designed to find blood lead level and their adverse effects on kidney and liver function among fuel station workers.
 Methods: Forty fuel station workers (exposed group) and thirty apparently healthy subjects (non-exposed group) in Damascus were randomly selected for the study. Blood lead levels were determined using Atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave-assisted acid digestion. Serum concentration of creatinine, uric acid and urea values were recorded to assess kidney function, whereas AST and ALT serum concentrations were used to evaluate liver function.
 Results: The results showed a non-significant elevation of blood lead level in the exposed group (11.04 ± 10.36 µg/dl) compared to the non- exposed group (8.1±2.97 µg/dl). Serum concentration of creatinine and uric acid were significantly elevated in the exposed group, but there was no change in AST and ALT serum levels.
 Conclusion: It is concluded that blood lead levels of fuel station workers don’t exceed the threshold that may cause kidney or liver dysfunctions.
 Peer Review History: 
 Received 25 March 2019; Revised 12 April; Accepted 3 May, Available online 15 May 2020
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 Received file 
 
 Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10
 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10
 Reviewer(s) detail:
 Name: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi 
 Affiliation: Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen
 E-mail: alyahawipharm@yahoo.com
 
 Name: Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy
 Affiliation: Sana'a University, Yemen
 E-mail: shmahe@yemen.net.ye
 
 Name: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah
 Affiliation: Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen
 E-mail: asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com
 
 Comments of reviewer(s): 
 
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Highlights
Heavy exposure to lead may cause serious adverse health issues especially among those who are exposed to it on a daily basis
60% were between 19-45 years old, 27.5% were 46-60, and 12.5% were over 61 years old. 67% of the exposed group was smokers, while the proportion of smokers in the non-exposed group was 53.3%
As for the period spent by workers in the service, it was found that 50% of them worked in gas stations for a period of 1-10 years
Summary
Heavy exposure to lead may cause serious adverse health issues especially among those who are exposed to it on a daily basis. Lead poisoning increase blood lead concentrations above the accepted concentrations of less than 10 μg/dl determined by the world health organization (WHO)[3]. Heavy exposure to lead has been associated with kidney and liver toxicity[4,5]. The severity of kidney impairment caused by lead depends on the type, dose, and duration of exposure.[6]. Chronic exposure to lead may damage kidneys as manifested by increased urate secretion, vasoconstriction of renal blood vessels and consequent glomerulosclerosis, hypertension and interstitial fibrosis[7,8]. Lead exposure may causes liver toxicity associated with changes in liver structure[9,10]. Lead and its metabolite are concentrated in the liver[11,12,13] leading to depletion of glutathione and increased oxidative stress, which aggravates liver
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