Abstract
Objectives: There is a substantial level of evidence that affirmative attitudes towards suicide are connected to suicidality (suicide ideation, suicide attempts and completed suicide). Hopelessness is proved to be one of the best available predictors of the suicide risk. A hypothesis that attitudes can serve as mediating variable between hopelessness and suicidality was proposed in recent studies (Gibb et al., 2006). The main aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that interaction between attitudes towards suicide and hopelessness will be a better predictor of suicidality than hopelessness.Methods: Different aspects of attitudes towards suicide and suicidality were measured with Questionnaire on Attitudes Towards Suicide (ATTS). Hopelessness level was assessed with Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). The study was conducted in the sample of Lithuanian army conscripts (N = 368) aged between 18 and 26 (mean age was 20.46; SD = 1.29).Results: Suicidality index significantly correlated both with hopelessness (r = .45, p < .01) and various aspects of attitudes towards suicide. The strongest correlation was between acceptance of suicide and suicidality index (r = .36, p < .01), but we have also found significant correlations between five other aspects of attitudes and suicidality. Significant correlations between hopelessness and various aspects of attitudes towards suicide were found. Variables using hierarchical stepwise model were entered into multiple regression model. Hopelessness accounted for 21.1% of suicidality variance. Attitudes towards suicide, added into regression model on second step, increased prediction of suicidality to 34.2%.Conclusions: Results of this study show that different aspects of attitudes towards suicide correlate with the suicide risk. Correlation between hopelessness and suicidality was confirmed as well. Finally, the results indicate that attitudes towards suicide are significant predictors of suicide risk. Interaction of attitudes towards suicide and hopelessness predicts suicide risk better than hopelessness. Results of present study have confirmed, that attitudes towards suicide are significant mediators between hopelessness and suicidality.
Highlights
There is a substantial level of evidence that affirmative attitudes towards suicide are connected to suicidality
The main aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that interaction between attitudes towards suicide and hopelessness will be a better predictor of suicidality than hopelessness
The strongest correlation was between acceptance of suicide and suicidality index (r = .36, p < .01), but we have found significant correlations between five other aspects of attitudes and suicidality
Summary
Tai sutampa su daugelio kitø tyrimø rezultatais, rodanèiais, kad neviltis yra kintamasis, bene geriausiai prognozuojantis suicidiðkumà (Beck and Steer, 1988; Maris et al, 2000). Rezultatai taip pat patvirtina sàsajas tarp nuostatø saviþudybiø atþvilgiu bei suicidiðkumo. Kartu ðie rezultatai reikðmingi tuo, kad patvirtina, jog nuostatos saviþudybiø atþvilgiu yra kur kas sudëtingesnis ir ávairiapusiðkesnis konstruktas, negu vien tik saviþudybës priimtinumas / nepriimtinumas. Tyrimo rezultatai patvirtino mûsø hipotezæ, jog nuostatø saviþudybiø atþvilgiu bei nevilties lygio sàveika yra svarbi prognozuojant suicidiðkumà. Þiûrint ið saviþudybiø prevencijos perspektyvø, tai yra svarbu dël to, kad nuostatos saviþudybës atþvilgiu gali bûti keièiamos. Kad sàveika tarp nuostatø ir nevilties gerai prognozuoja suicidiðkumà, remdamiesi ðio tyrimo rezultatais negalime kalbëti apie prieþastinius ryðius. 1. Ávairûs nuostatø saviþudybiø atþvilgiu aspektai (saviþudybës priimtinumas, pasmerkimas, saviþudybiø áprastumas bei aplinkiniø bejëgiðkumas, susidûrus su saviþudybës rizika) yra statistiðkai reikðmingai susijæ su suicidiðkumu.
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