Abstract
Background: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is an important modality of treatment for ischemic heart disease. Both off-pump and on-pump CABG have direct effect on the level cardiac biomarkers in the perioperative period. The use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and aortic cross-clamping may cause additive myocardial damage leading to further elevation of blood markers. The present study is aimed at measuring and comparing the cardiac biomarker levels in immediate post-operative period after on-pump CABG (ONCAB) and off-pump CABG (OPCAB). Methods: All the patients who underwent CABG from January 2015 to June 2016 on elective or emergency basis at Nilratan Sircar Medical College & Hospital have been included in the study. Total 106 patients were operated for CABG of which 75 patients were operated for OPCAB and 31 patients were operated for ONCAB. For the comparison of data the blood markers Troponin-T (Trop-T) and Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB) are measured during anesthesia before surgery, post-operatively after 1 hour, post-operatively after 4 hours and post-operatively after 20 hours. All recorded data are analyzed using standard statistical methods. Results: We found the markers are elevated immediately after surgery and gradually come down within 24 hours after surgery in both OPCAB and ONCAB groups. The elevation is more after ONCAB than OPCAB group in immediate post-operative period but the difference is not significant after 20 hours of surgery. Conclusion: Elevated levels of cardiac biomarkers in the immediate post-operative period indicate myocardial damage during surgery, especially after ONCAB in comparison to OPCAB. This may attribute to the better hemodynamic stability in the immediate post-operative period after OPCAB than ONCAB assuming comparable and adequate revascularization in patients of both groups. The avoidance of CPB and cross-clamp may explain better myocardial functioning immediately after OPCAB. But after 20 hours, the level of cardiac markers is comparable in both groups indicating little difference in post-operative recovery and long-term prognosis.
Highlights
Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is the world’s leading cause of mortality [1]
Total 106 patients were operated for Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) of which 75 patients were operated for Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) and 31 patients were operated for on-pump CABG (ONCAB)
Troponin T (Trop-T measured in ng/L) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB measured in mcg/L) were analyzed with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay technique (Elecsys 1010/2010 Systems, Roche, Basel, Switzerland)
Summary
Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is the world’s leading cause of mortality [1]. Premature deaths caused by the heart and blood vessel disease even among the productive age group (35 - 64 years) are expected to rise by 41% by 2030 [2]. Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) avoids the deleterious effects of CPB and is increasingly reported to have better outcomes than ONCAB [9] [10] [11]. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is an important modality of treatment for ischemic heart disease Both off-pump and on-pump CABG have direct effect on the level cardiac biomarkers in the perioperative period. Conclusion: Elevated levels of cardiac biomarkers in the immediate post-operative period indicate myocardial damage during surgery, especially after ONCAB in comparison to OPCAB. This may attribute to the better hemodynamic stability in the immediate post-operative period after
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