Abstract
Two new 20-membered macrolides, levantilide A and B, were isolated from the Micromonospora strain M71-A77. Strain M71-A77 was recovered from an Eastern Mediterranean deep-sea sediment sample and revealed to produce the levantilides under in situ salinity of 38.6‰. The chemical structures of the levantilides were elucidated on the basis of different one- and two- dimensional NMR experiments. Levantilide A exhibits a moderate antiproliferative activity against several tumor cell lines.
Highlights
The deep sea is an extreme environment which is still marginally investigated and harbors a great variety of bacteria that have, so far, not been cultivated
Bacteria which live in the deep sea need to adapt to the specific environmental characteristics such as high hydrostatic pressure, low temperature and only occasional nutrient supply
Deep-sea bacteria are considered as a promising source for the discovery of new natural products
Summary
The deep sea is an extreme environment which is still marginally investigated and harbors a great variety of bacteria that have, so far, not been cultivated. Bacteria which live in the deep sea need to adapt to the specific environmental characteristics such as high hydrostatic pressure, low temperature and only occasional nutrient supply. With special focus on the discovery of new natural products, we selectively isolated Actinobacteria from the deep-sea sediment of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (the so-called Levantine Sea). This environment is characterized by a relatively high bottom temperature of 13–14 °C, salinity values of approximately 38–39‰, high hydrostatic pressure (440 bar at the sampling site) and an extreme depletion of nutrients [9]. Strain M71-A77 produced two new macrolides named levantilides A (1) and B (2), which will be described in this paper
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