Abstract
In this essay the author outlines the continental European context in which the Italian anti-Jewish laws were enacted. In interwar Europe, anti-Semitism seemed to be only one of the cultural trends of the time, although it was an essential ideological component of many pro-Fascist movements, especially in Central and Eastern Europe. However, also in Western Europe there was a virulent rebirth of anti-Semitism, which not only expressed anti-Jewish hatred, but also was generally hostile toward all democratic institutions and notions of human equality. Not even the expulsion of Jews from Germany proved to be alarming. The anti-Fascist and anti-Nazi emigres did not succeed in warning a powerless and discouraged Europe to stem racist theories and pro-Fascist leanings.
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