Abstract
ABSTRACT. A leukoplakia is, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), a white plate of the oral mucosa, of questionable risk having excluded other known diseases or disorders that have no increased risk of cancer transformation. The diagnosis is made by excluding other diseases with similar clinical appearance but carry no increased risk of cancer. It is the potentially malignant disorder that most often suffers transformation within a range between 0.13 and 17.5%. A rare variant of leukoplakia is the proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) first described in 1985 by Hansen et al. Previously it was known as florid papillomatosis. WHO in 2005 classified the PVL as a potentially malignant disorder (WHO 2005) for presenting a high probability of becoming a squamous cell carcinoma (squamous) or warty carcinoma; this indicates an aggressive biological behavior. In most cases the diagnosis of PVL is retrospective, slowing the treatment. Its etiology is uncertain and may be related to human papilloma virus (HPV), the Epstein-Barr virus or even yeast infections, but has not been possible yet to establish a definitive correlation. Still it is considered an injury of unknown etiology.
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