Abstract
MOST fishes have morphologically undifferentiated sex chromosomes and sex determination is believed to be under gene control, probably through the production of alternative enzymes1. The idea that differentiation of fish sex chromosomes is usually relatively primitive has been supported by genetic experiments involving, for example, sex reversals and gynandromorphisms2. Recently, however, sex chromosomes of the XX–XY, XX–XO, and WZ–ZZ types2–4, as well as multiple sex chromosomes5,6, have been documented in certain groups of fishes. Thus, fishes seem to display various cytological sex-determining mechanisms, some primitive, others elaborately specialized.
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