Abstract
To the Editor: In a retrospective, nonrandomized subanalysis of the single-center REMADHE trial, Issa et al1 suggest that β-blockers may improve survival among patients with heart failure of chagasic etiology and that physicians should not hesitate to prescribe them. However, this beneficial effect may have arisen due to chance ( P value=0.05) because of a small sample (only 68 patients, 24 on and 44 off β-blockers) or to differences in baseline characteristics (eg, more males and fewer patients using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and spironolactone in the non-β-blocker group), because …
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