Abstract
In this study, the lower and upper lethal limits, LC50 and respiration of the freshwater cichlid fishes, Tilapia zillii, Sarotherodon galilaeus, S. melanotheron and Oreochromis niloticus exposed to effluents fromChemistry Department Laboratories were investigated. The mixing of the effluents produced a reduction in pH and dissolved oxygen and a fairly constant temperature and salinity of the media, while the toxicity of the effluents increased. The LC50 values after 24 and 48-h exposure in the effluent media were 0.24% and 0.21% for T. zillii;0.26% and 0.24% for O. niloticus; 0.25% and 0.23% for S. galilaeus; 0.27% and 0.26% for S. melanotheron, respectively. The effect of chemical effluent on the rate of respiration of the treated cichlids produced lower rates of oxygen consumption in the order of S. galilaeus>O. niloticus>S. melanotheron>T. zilili in the highest concentration of the effluent. The results obtained from this study have shown that the effluents from Chemistry Department Laboratories are not treated as they produced respiratory impairment and physiological dysfunction in the exposed fish. It is suggested that proper treatment of these effluents be carried out before being discharged into thesurrounding stream.
Highlights
Environmental Concerns: Plants and Animals Population pressure in Nigeria has accelerated serious environmental deterioration; while a history of unstable and ineffective governments have hampered efforts to control and conserve natural resources
We can see clearly that designers and builder have ignorantly ignored the natural examples; we find indiscriminate architecture strewn in the Nigerian climatic zones, which confront rather than conform to natural examples
The studies and analysis confirm that ample examples involving the aesthetic synthesis of nature into architecture are visibly viable and desperately desirable
Summary
Environmental Concerns: Plants and Animals Population pressure in Nigeria has accelerated serious environmental deterioration; while a history of unstable and ineffective governments have hampered efforts to control and conserve natural resources. The paper demonstrates that these examples from nature, in the light of historical and scientific facts, can be applicable to the solution of building problems in harmony with the Nigerian multifarious, multiethnic and multicultural environment. These stimulating natural examples can inspire us into creating authentic environmental friendly architecture to the specific environments found in Nigerian.
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