Abstract

Though the unfavorable effects of mutations have been appreciated for a long time (Haldane, 1937), the need for a universal quantitative theory has only recently become evident. This need is related to the vital necessity for a correct appreciation of the effect of ionizing radiation on genetic evolution. The foundation of the qualitative theory was given in the articles of Muller (1950) and later of Morton, Crow, and Muller (1956). The concepts were finally defined with more precision by Crow (1958).

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