Abstract
Abstract Sanitation remains one of the Sustainable Development Goals, with slow progress. Tanzania has been implementing the National Sanitation Campaign through a Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approach since 2012. Njombe District Council (DC) has been identified to be among the best performing councils in the implementation of the sanitation campaign. A qualitative study was conducted to document how the CLTS was carried out in Njombe DC, assess progress on CLTS implementation and define the success factors for CLTS implementation. Findings show that CLTS intervention has resulted in increased coverage of improved latrines at a household level from 7.5% before the intervention in 2011 to 99.8% in September 2018. In addition, households with functional hand washing facilities have increased from 5.1% before the intervention to 94% in September 2018. Involvement of political leaders and government officials from the council level to the lowest governmental unit offered important support for CLTS implementation. The best mix of sanitation education, regulation and enforcement was instrumental in raising community awareness, changing collective behavior, making people comply with the village sanitation laws, and the overall success in the sanitation campaign.
Highlights
The United Nations reaffirmed the importance of sanitation by including it in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
WHO/UNICEF ( ), 2.3 billion people lack basic sanitation services; 600 million people use a limited sanitation service, that is, improved facilities shared with other households; 892 million people worldwide still practice open defecation; and 47% are without hand-washing facilities
Data collection involved a review of relevant documents including the Water Sector Development Program (WSDP II); National Sanitation Campaign progress and evaluation reports at national and council levels; baseline and monitoring reports; WASH related by-laws enacted in Njombe District Council (DC) and peer-reviewed journal articles
Summary
The United Nations reaffirmed the importance of sanitation by including it in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Tanzania has been implementing the National Sanitation Campaign (NSC) since 2012 with the aim of increasing the proportion of households and schools with improved sanitation and hygiene conditions. The campaign adopted a combination of approaches that include Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS); Social Marketing; Artisan Training; Behavior Change Campaign (BCC), and the rehabilitation or construction of appropriate WASH facilities in schools (SHARE ).
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