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Abstract
We present challenges faced deploying a solar-powered wireless sensor network base station and nodes, at a remote oyster farm. It involved installing the base station system and a data server at the shore of a shallow bay, where there is no electrical power available. To solve the problem, we set up a photovoltaic array with an energy monitoring node, from which performance metrics were recorded and plotted. At the water, we deployed two wireless sensor nodes on a raft, a kilometre away from the base station. One node was configured for sea water pH and water temperature ( Tw) measurements. The other node was configured for salinity and Tw measurements. Furthermore, both nodes measured air temperature and relative humidity, for a more complete characterization. At the salinity node, temperature and relative humidity knowledge was crucial to determine a gain factor for doing a trial of a transmission power control scheme, using a novel temperature and relative humidity algorithm. To enable a fair comparison, the pH nodes transmitter was configured with a fixed power level. The nodes performances were measured locally at the base station, recording metrics such as received signal strength indicator and packet received rates.
Highlights
Marine habitat monitoring has always been a challenge due to the inhospitable nature of the surroundings
For the kind of application scenario we present here, common variables measured by ocean wireless sensor network (WSN) deployments are temperature, pressure, depth, tide direction, pH, turbidity, flow rate, salinity and dissolved oxygen;[14] other measured variables may even be for detecting pollutants such as heavy metals or radiation
The basic problem is moisture, which represents the most difficult aspect to overcome. Another issue is the lack of an electrical power source, which today is dealt with using renewable energy generation
Summary
Marine habitat monitoring has always been a challenge due to the inhospitable nature of the surroundings. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks behaviour.[1,2] Another common issue is the nonavailability of electrical power sources; for which nowadays this is resolved deploying solar renewable energy. Battery operation has issues that have to be addressed, and solutions are found due to well-outlined deployment plans Some do it yourself (DIY) environmental monitoring green energy solutions are readily available, but there is no guarantee that they can be applied in a dynamic and harsh environment. The basic problem is moisture, which represents the most difficult aspect to overcome Another issue is the lack of an electrical power source, which today is dealt with using renewable energy generation.
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