Lessons from Ten Years' the Prevalence of Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) in the Young Population Living in a Developing Country, Tehran; Iran.

Abstract

A safe and effective rubella vaccine is available and prescribed in IRAN. This is a survey of CRS cases collected based on WHO criteria one decade after the MR vaccination campaign (2003). This Multi-stage prospective/cross-sectional study was carried out in three stages in 3 educational hospitals in Tehran (Rasoul Aram, Akbar Abadi, and Firoozabadi), In the first stage of the study between 2011 and 2012 total of 186 infants were evaluated, and in the second stage of the study, total 163 blood samples of infants with suspected INTRA UTERINE INFECTION were compared with a group of healthy matched infants. In the first and second stages, Rubella immunity (IgG&IgM) in cord blood was evaluated by the Eliza method. Despite MR vaccination in Iran, after one decade"confirmed CRS" and " compatible CRS" was diagnosed in 5 and 31 from 89 CRS suspected cases. The incidence of "confirmed CRS" in every 100 CRS suspected infants (after campaign) is 5.6 %, and 31 CRS Compatible cases are so important. Without active CRS surveillance, mild infection such as IUGR, hearing loss, heart abnormalities, impaired vision, and mental retardation even in the developed country might be missed. Fetal infection is persistent, which imposes additional costs on the country. Another mass vaccination in women and girls is needed. Also, the anti-rubella IgG testing before pregnancy in women who were not vaccinated; vaccination of women before marriage /pregnancy should be obligatory in order to prevent the CRS.