Abstract
AbstractUnderstanding how anthropogenic features affect species' abilities to move within landscapes is essential to conservation planning and requires accurate assessment of resource selection for movement by focal species. Yet, the extent to which an individual's behavioural state (e.g. foraging, resting, commuting) influences resource selection has largely been ignored. Recent advances in Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking technology can fill this gap by associating distinct behavioural states with location data. We investigated the role of behaviour in determining the responses of an endangered species of carnivore, theAfrican wild dogLycaon pictus, to one of the most widespread forms of landscape alteration globally: road systems. We collected high‐resolutionGPSand activity data from 13 wild dogs in northernBotswana over a 2‐year period. We employed a step selection framework to measure resource selection across three behavioural states identified from activity data (high‐speed running, resting and travelling) and across a gradient of habitats and seasons, and compared these outputs to a full model that did not parse for behaviour. The response of wild dogs to roads varied markedly with both the behavioural and the landscape contexts in which roads were encountered. Specifically, wild dogs selected roads when travelling, ignored roads when high‐speed running and avoided roads when resting. This distinction was not evident when all movement data were considered together in the full model. When travelling, selection for roads increased in denser vegetative environments, suggesting that roads may enhance movement for this species. Our findings indicate that including behavioural information in resource selection models is critical to understanding wildlife responses to landscape features and suggest that successful application of resource selection analyses to conservation planning requires explicit examination of the behavioural contexts in which movement occurs. Thus, behaviour‐specific step selection functions offer a powerful tool for identifying resource selection patterns for animal behaviours of conservation significance.
Highlights
Understanding animal movement is essential to effective in-situ conservation planning
To determine if resource selection patterns by African wild dogs vary with behavioural state, we evaluated fine-scale individual responses to roads using step selection functions
When locations were partitioned by behavioural state and run in separate models, we found that patterns of road use varied markedly among the focal behaviours
Summary
Understanding animal movement is essential to effective in-situ conservation planning. Management efforts aimed at preserving landscape connectivity have skyrocketed, and the effect of natural and human-built landscape features on animal movement and resource selection has become a central issue in ecology and conservation (Turner 1989; Nathan et al 2008). Conservation planners use estimates of resource selection to identify important habitat for wildlife populations, assess how wildlife responds to specific landscape features, and delineate wildlife corridors where animal movement is predicted to occur (Manly et al 2002; Chetkiewicz & Boyce 2009). The extent to which an animal’s behavioural state (e.g. foraging, resting, commuting) influences resource selection has largely been ignored as part of these conservation planning efforts (Wilson, Gilbert-Norton & Gese 2012). Behavioural state has been shown to be an important component of habitat selection and space use in multiple taxa including elk (Cervus elaphus)
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