Abstract
Three generations of parents originating from a working-class community inspired their children for upward mobility. This study explores the influence of the labor process in this hope-filled inspiration. Early twentieth-century work for the first and second generations, while arduous and unprestigious, offered them a high degree of control relative to most proletarianized work of the time. Schwalbe’s construct, “natural labor,” derived from his Marx-Mead synthesis, is used to conceptualize enabling aspects of this type of work and to explore the role of lessalienated labor as an enduring source of hope-filled mobility socialization.
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