Lesiones de la válvula mitral

Abstract

IntroductionMitral valve diseases are one of the fundamental parts of heart diseases. ClassificationThey are usually classified in stenosis and regurgitations. Mitral stenosis of rheumatic aetiology although still prevalent in developing countries, it is being replaced by mitral stenosis of degenerative origin, whose diagnosis and management differs from that of rheumatic ones. We must distinguish two completely different entities of mitral regurgitations; the primary or organic mitral regurgitation in which the valvular apparatus is affected and the secondary or functional mitral regurgitation in which the valve is normal, but insufficiency occurs because the ventricular dysfunction prevents adequate closure of the valve. TreatmentTreatment of mitral valve diseases has changed markedly in recent years. The usual valve replacement by prosthesis has been changing to valvular repair techniques. Percutaneous interventions are fully established in rheumatic mitral stenosis and are becoming increasingly prominent in mitral regugitations in cases with high surgical risk.