Abstract
Surgery is the main treatment in stage IA-III NSCLC. Several phase 3 randomized adjuvant and neoadjuvant trials with platinum-based chemotherapy were performed in stage I, II and III A NSCLC. These trials demonstrated a significant 5% benefit in 5y-survival estimated with adjuvant or neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II and IIIA. This benefit was confirmed in two meta-analyses of individual participant data. Conversely for the stage I the benefit of chemotherapy was suggested only for tumors > 4 cm. Adjuvant radiotherapy for N2 patients is currently tested in the large international phase 3 trial Lung-ART/IFCT-0503. The perioperative impact of targeted treatments in NSCLC with molecular alterations is actually suggested by one study in in patients with EGFR mutations. Finally, the role of immune checkpoints inhibitors is currently evaluated in neoadjuvant phase 2 trials and adjuvant phase 3. Preliminary results from one neoadjuvant trial are encouraging.
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