Abstract
Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia may be regarded as the platelet counterpart of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. The most feared complication of this syndrome is the occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage leading to death or neurological sequels. With advances in the diagnosis and management of the index case and of pregnancies at risk, the prognosis of affected infants has improved. Further research must focus on the mechanisms of maternal sensitization and development of specific therapy. Collaborative and large-scale studies are necessary. Les thrombopénies fœtales et néonatales alloimmunes, équivalents plaquettaires de la maladie hémolytique du nouveau-né, ne sont pas des évènements rares. En cas de thrombopénie sévère, la survenue d’hémorragie intracrânienne altère le pronostic avec risque de décès ou séquelles neurologiques graves. La prise en charge thérapeutique du cas index et des grossesses futures dépend donc du diagnostic biologique amélioré par le développement de techniques de laboratoire de plus en plus sensibles et fiables. Des études collaboratives sont nécessaires afin de mieux comprendre la physiopathologie de l’immunisation maternelle et de mettre en œuvre un dépistage adéquat, un traitement spécifique, voire une éventuelle prévention.
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