Les résultats immédiats, à moyen et à long terme de l'angioplastie coronaire par stent actif très long : à propos d'une étude multicentrique observationnelle

Abstract

IntroductionVery long coronary lesions account for 20% of coronary stenoses in the real world. There are few data on the effectiveness of angioplasty of these lesions with very long active stents (DES) in the literature. We conducted this study to assess the long-term outcomes of angioplasty with DES length ≥ 40 mm in a population with multiple cardiovascular risk factors. Patients and methodsThis is a retrospective, multicenter, descriptive, and prognostic study, conducted between January 2015 and January 2020, in four Tunisian centers, including all patients who underwent angioplasty with a DES of length ≥ 40 mm with a follow-up of at least one year. The primary outcome was a combined criteria (major cardiovascular and Cerebral events: MACCE) (stroke, acute coronary syndrome, revascularization of the target lesion: TLR, cardiovascular death: CVD). ResultsWe included 480 procedures. More than half of the patients had at least three risk factors. The prevalence of high blood pressure, diabetes and smoking were 61.1%, 56.6% and 60.4%, respectively. The treated lesions were complex: 23.54% calcified lesions, 8.75% chronic occlusions, 25% bifurcation lesions and 12.08% ostial lesions. The average length of the stents was 47.72 mm. We noted 17 cases of per-procedural complications (3.55%). The median follow-up was 35 months (extremes 1–60 months). The rate of stent thrombosis was 0.83%. The incidence of MACCE, TLR and CVD were respectively 16.25%, 8.12% and 5.2%. In multivariate analysis, diabetes (HR = 1.7, 95% CI [1.01–2.9]), dyslipidemia (HR = 2.08, 95% CI [1.3–3.3]), familial coronary artery disease (HR = 1.9, 95% CI [1.01–3.6]), left ventricle dysfunction (HR = 2.07, 95% CI [1.1–3.6]) and bifurcation lesions (HR = 1.9, 95% CI [1.2–3.14]) were the independent predictors of MACCE, while statin intake (HR = 0.38, 95% CI [0.19–0.78]) was a protective factor. ConclusionAngioplasty with very long DES is associated with low levels of MACCE, TLR, stent thrombosis and CVD in our population. Therefore, it could be an interesting alternative to cardiac surgery. Randomized comparative studies of the two treatment options are needed.