Abstract
The Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization have jointly defined probiotics as “live microorganisms, which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host.” Probiotics have been used for centuries in dairy-based, fermented products. However, their potential use as a form of medical therapy has only recently received formal recognition in the context of a few specific medical conditions, most notably in gastroenterology. The recent identification of the links between the metabolic properties of intestinal flora and host metabolism, including the implication of those links in metabolic diseases like obesity, opens a new field of study focusing on the potential therapeutic use of probiotics in the treatment of metabolic diseases, alone or in combination with prebiotics.
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