Abstract
Surgical site infections are the third leading cause of healthcare-associated infections in France and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated for high-risk surgical procedures, particularly those involving the opening of the digestive, respiratory, or urogenital tracts. It is guided by general recommendations applicable to all surgical specialities and specific recommendations for each type of surgery. The implementation of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis is based on four key pillars: appropriate indication, the choice of the antibiotic agent, the correct dosage, and the optimal timing. For patients allergic to penicillin, second-line protocols should be implemented, with confirmation of the allergy through allergological testing. Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis is an effective strategy, but its execution requires strict adherence to established protocols to minimize the risk of adverse effects and ensure optimal protection against surgical site infections.
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