Abstract
The three specific human ectoparasites are described. Pediculus capitis is the most widespread in France. The capitis pediculosis is a minor nuisance but a medical and economic problem mainly due to the inefficiency and the hight cost of the treatment and due to the absence of a public health politic specific to this subject. Pediculus corporis is the one species able to transmit pathogenic agents as Rickettsia prowasekii, the agent of exanthematic typhus. Pthirius pubis, rare, is the agent of a minor sexually transmitted disease, but it indicates the existence of sexual relations at risk. Pruritus and contagious circumstances help to remind to the diagnosis which is confirmed only when the parasites or their nits are found : P. capitis on the scalp, P. corporis in the clothes or in bedding and P. pubis mainly on the pubis hair.
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