Les marqueurs linguistiques du temps et de la subjectivité dans le récit de psychotraumatisme

Abstract

ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the enunciative and pragmatic characteristics of the discourse of a subject who has been confronted with a recent, life-threatening, and potentially traumatic event. MethodFragments of speeches were collected in the context of clinical interviews in which the experience of the traumatic event was recounted using a methodology inspired by post-immediate psychotherapeutic intervention (IPPI), which we reworked to operationalize certain variables of the discourse. We have built our research method by developing a few examples according to the single case report method and unique event contexts that allow us to better highlight the ethos of the subjects examined and to provide in-depth phenomenological and linguistic analysis of their narratives. ResultsEnunciative and pragmatic criteria make it possible to distinguish between discourse qualified as an “ordinary narrative” characterized by an absence of revivals and traumatic dissociation, and discourse qualified as a “traumatic narrative”, whose revivals and dissociation affect the subject's temporal and subjective continuity. DiscussionOur discussions focuse on the chain of causality between dissociation, trauma, and behavior, and on the capacity of an underlying psychological metabolization of trauma that could transform it into an autobiographical event. ConclusionThe linguistic tools used are both a procedure for discovering and analyzing traumatic dissociation and a clinical method for treating this disorder.