Abstract
Languages as identity. If litterary Arab is, in Mauritania, the language of Islam and consequently the religious language of all, it however never meant that in the past all Mauritanians mastered it. During colonial times, a young francophone elite emerged and provided the state with part of its managerial staff. On the whole, however, the Maure majority, whose native language is an Arab dialect, has never stopped to ask for the predominance of Arab on French. As a consequence, the more of less conflictual relations between the Maures and the Negro-Africans those last thirty years have been somehow connected to the relations between French and Arab.
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