Les grèves d'enseignants au Brésil et les images du métier: de la “classe ordonnée et disciplinée” aux “travailleurs en éducation” (São Paulo, 1963–1979)

Abstract

This article analyses the teacher strikes that took place in the state of São Paulo (Brazil). These strikes produced new representations of the profession and gave a particular visibility to its interest aggregation processes. These same strikes appeared as major incentives for the organisation of teachers in Brazil. The October 1963 strike – about six months before the military coup of 1964 – was the first to mobilise the whole of the teaching profession of the São Paulo state: primary and secondary education, public and private schools were all involved. The two other strikes, organised by teachers in the public schools in 1978 and 1979, took place under the dictatorship. As such, they had a particular significance in the process of recovering civil liberties in the final stages of the military regime in the 1980s. This article is based on an analysis of the front‐page covering of these teacher strikes by the two major journals of the state, O Estado de S. Paulo and Folha de S. Paulo. With Chartier's concept collective representations in mind, this approach allows us to grasp how large‐circulation journals diffuse images of the profession and its organisational configurations. These press pictures are analysed by dint of the analytical frame Roland Barthes advanced in the 1960s, i.e. by reading their denoted, connoted and symbolic messages.