Les effets du dopage sur la fonction de reproduction

Abstract

Objectives. – This basic studie aims at making to the point on the effects of anabolic steroids intake on reproductive function. Topics. – Androgenic anabolic steroid usage induces an hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism due to dose-dependent suppression of hypothalamic (GnRH) and pituitary (LH, FSH) gonadotrophins. Clinically, in males, this hypogonadism is associated with testicular atrophy, gynecomastia, infertility with oligo or azoospermia and changes in libido. This hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism is reversible after the end of anabolic steroids intake. But the recovery of the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis, endogenous testosterone production and spermatogenesis generally needs 3 to 12 months following drug withdrawal. Female-specific side effects of anabolic steroids include hirsutism, increased facial hair, reduced breast tissue and male pattern baldness. Perspectives. – We are probably at the onset of revelations coming from the athletes on the deleterious effects of prolonged pharmacological hormones abuse. At short term, these adverse effects are reversible. On the other hand, it appears that their intensive and prolonged use during several years is particularly deleterious on health (hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis but also another endocrine axis, cardio-vascular system…).