Abstract

Basalts from the Abrolhos Archipelago are capped (1) by argilloferruginous saprolite formed under intense weathering conditions at the expense of the basalts and (2) by phosphatic leucophosphite and variscite-rich crusts developed at the expense of both saprolite and basalts. Phosphorus, as indicated by the associated organic compounds, is provided by the leaching of nitrogenous guanos. In the Siriba Island, the crusts affecting the basalts are overlain by a conglomerate related to the Quaternary transgressive–regressive phase at 5 100 years BP. Therefore, the leaching of the guanos certainly began before the transgression. Les basaltes de l'archipel d'Abrolhos sont coiffés (1) par une saprolite argilo-ferrugineuse, formée, aux dépens des basaltes, sous des conditions d'intense altération et (2) par des croûtes phosphatées, constituées de leucophosphite et de variscite, développées aux dépens de la saprolite et des basaltes. Comme l'indiquent les composés organiques, le phosphore provient du lessivage de guanos azotés. Les croûtes affectant les basaltes sont recouvertes, dans l'île de Siriba, par un conglomérat relié à la transgression marine quaternaire datée à 5 100 ans BP. Le lessivage des guanos a donc certainement débuté avant la transgression.

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