Abstract
Leptospirosis is an infectious systemic disease; its occurrence is evidenced in tropical and subtropical regions. It is prevalent in the Americas, occurring endemically in Latin America and Caribbean. In the Brazil, the disease is endemic; outbreaks are common during the rainy season. Leptospirosis is also considered an occupational risk of disease, affecting agricultural workers (rice paddies and sugarcane), miners, garbage and cleaning charge of public collectors, workers of water and sewage, as well as veterinarians and keepers of animals. In this way, this study proposes a systematic review of the scientific publication on the factors associated with leptospirosis. The method logy screened available studies in SciELO, MEDLINE, and LILACS. The control of animal leptospirosis should be based on the integration of prophylactic measures imposed simultaneously on all three levels of the chain of transmission: infection source (infected vertebrates), transmission routes (water, soil and contaminated fomites), likely vertebrates uninfected and not immunized and protection to it, which is achieved with the use of inactivated vaccines containing the serotypes of Leptospira.
Highlights
Leptospirosis is an infectious systemic disease; its occurrence is evidenced in tropical and subtropical regions
A transmissão acidental em laboratórios e a ingestão de alimentos contaminados já foram descritas
O período de transmissibilidade da leptospirose dura enquanto as leptospiras estiverem presentes na urina, da segunda até a quinta semana da doença
Summary
Luciana Senna Simões, Tais Harumi de Castro Sasahara, Phelipe Oliveira Favaron, Maria Angelica Miglino1*. A Leptospirose é uma doença infecciosa de caráter sistêmico, sua ocorrência é evidenciada em regiões de clima tropical e subtropical, sendo prevalente nas Américas, onde ocorre de forma endêmica na América Latina e Caribe. No Brasil, a doença tem caráter endêmico, sendo comuns surtos epidêmicos na época das chuvas. A Leptospirose também é considerada uma doença de risco ocupacional, atingindo trabalhadores agrícolas (arrozais e canaviais), mineradores, coletores de lixo e encarregados da limpeza pública, trabalhadores das redes de água e esgotos, além de médicos veterinários e tratadores de animais. O controle da leptospirose animal deve assentar-se na integração de medidas profiláticas instituídas simultaneamente nos três níveis da cadeia de transmissão: fontes de infecção (vertebrados infectados), vias de transmissão (água, solo e fômites contaminados), susceptíveis vertebrados não infectados e não imunizados e proteção ao mesmo, a qual é obtida com o uso de vacinas inativadas que contenham sorovares de leptospiras
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