Abstract

ARTICLESLength-dependent changes in myocardial contractile stateWW Parmley, and L ChuckWW Parmley, and L ChuckPublished Online:01 May 1973https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1973.224.5.1195MoreSectionsPDF (1 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited BySarcomere length affects Ca2+ sensitivity of contraction in ischemic but not non-ischemic myocardium12 January 2023 | Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 155, No. 3Electrophysiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Sinoatrial Node Mechanosensitivity9 August 2021 | Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Vol. 8CaMKII activity contributes to homeometric autoregulation of the heart: A novel mechanism for the Anrep effect14 June 2020 | The Journal of Physiology, Vol. 598, No. 15Mechano‐electric and mechano‐chemo‐transduction in cardiomyocytesThe Journal of Physiology, Vol. 598, No. 7Stretch-Induced Biased Signaling in Angiotensin II Type 1 and Apelin Receptors for the Mediation of Cardiac Contractility and Hypertrophy13 March 2020 | Frontiers in Physiology, Vol. 11Stretch modulation of cardiac contractility: importance of myocyte calcium during the slow force response14 January 2020 | Biophysical Reviews, Vol. 12, No. 1Magnetics-Based Approach for Fine-Tuning Afterload in Engineered Heart Tissues11 June 2019 | ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 7The slow force response to stretch: Controversy and contradictions25 January 2019 | Acta Physiologica, Vol. 226, No. 1Regulation of cardiac calcium by mechanotransduction: Role of mitochondriaArchives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Vol. 659Calcium in the Pathophysiology of Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure4 October 2018 | Frontiers in Physiology, Vol. 9Stretch-induced compliance: a novel adaptive biological mechanism following acute cardiac load1 February 2018 | Cardiovascular Research, Vol. 114, No. 5Can stress make you relax?9 February 2018 | Cardiovascular Research, Vol. 114, No. 5TRPC3 participates in angiotensin II type 1 receptor-dependent stress-induced slow increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in mouse cardiomyocytes19 January 2017 | The Journal of Physiological Sciences, Vol. 68, No. 2The contractile adaption to preload depends on the amount of afterload19 April 2017 | ESC Heart Failure, Vol. 4, No. 4Impact of titin strain on the cardiac slow force responseProgress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Vol. 130Role of TRPC3 and TRPC6 channels in the myocardial response to stretch: Linking physiology and pathophysiologyProgress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Vol. 130Mechanosensitivity of microdomain calcium signalling in the heartProgress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Vol. 130Regulation of cardiac Ca2+ and ion channels by shear mechanotransduction12 July 2017 | Archives of Pharmacal Research, Vol. 40, No. 7The effects of afterload and stimulation delay on the slow force response in the heterogeneous myocardium13 December 2016 | Biophysics, Vol. 61, No. 5Positive Inotropic Effect of Prostaglandin F2α in Rat Ventricular TrabeculaeJournal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Vol. 68, No. 1Acute Myocardial Response to Stretch: What We (don't) Know5 January 2016 | Frontiers in Physiology, Vol. 6Historical perspective on heart function: the Frank–Starling Law19 November 2015 | Biophysical Reviews, Vol. 7, No. 4Mechanosignaling in the vasculature: emerging concepts in sensing, transduction and physiological responsesShampa Chatterjee, Keigi Fujiwara, Néstor Gustavo Pérez, Masuko Ushio-Fukai, and Aron B. Fisher15 June 2015 | American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, Vol. 308, No. 12Letter by Villa Abrille et al Regarding Article, “Hyperactive Adverse Mechanical Stress Responses in Dystrophic Heart Are Coupled to Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 6 and Blocked by cGMP-Protein Kinase G Modulation”Circulation Research, Vol. 116, No. 1Revisiting the slow force response: The role of the PKG signaling pathway in the normal and the ischemic heartRevista Portuguesa de Cardiologia, Vol. 33, No. 9Revisiting the slow force response: The role of the PKG signaling pathway in the normal and the ischemic heartRevista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English Edition), Vol. 33, No. 9Use of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to detect substances of nanomolar concentration in the coronary effluent of isolated perfused heartsProgress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Vol. 115, No. 2-3Molecular candidates for cardiac stretch-activated ion channelsGlobal Cardiology Science and Practice, Vol. 2014, No. 2Effect of SR load and pH regulatory mechanisms on stretch-dependent Ca2+ entry during the slow force responseJournal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Vol. 63The effects of angiotensin II signaling pathway in the systolic response to acute stretch in the normal and ischemic myocardiumPeptides, Vol. 47Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase prevents the Na+/H+ exchanger 1-dependent slow force response to rat myocardial stretchLorena A. Vargas*, Romina G. Díaz*, Erik R. Swenson, Néstor G. Pérez, and Bernardo V. Álvarez15 July 2013 | American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, Vol. 305, No. 2The Anrep effect: 100 years laterHoracio E. Cingolani, Néstor G. Pérez, Oscar H. Cingolani, and Irene L. Ennis15 January 2013 | American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, Vol. 304, No. 2Mechano-Electric Interactions and Their Role in Electrical Function of the Heart16 March 2013Intrinsic increase in lymphangion muscle contractility in response to elevated afterloadMichael J. Davis, Joshua P. Scallan, John H. Wolpers, Mariappan Muthuchamy, Anatoliy A. Gashev, and David C. Zawieja1 October 2012 | American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, Vol. 303, No. 7Slow force response and auto-regulation of contractility in heterogeneous myocardiumProgress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Vol. 110, No. 2-3Early Activation of Intracellular Signals after Myocardial Stretch: Anrep Effect, Myocardial Hypertrophy and Heart Failure5 December 2012Silencing of NHE-1 blunts the slow force response to myocardial stretchNéstor G. Pérez, Mariela B. Nolly, Mirian C. Roldan, María C. Villa-Abrille, Eugenio Cingolani, Enrique L. Portiansky, Bernardo V. Álvarez, Irene L. Ennis, and Horacio E. Cingolani1 September 2011 | Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 111, No. 3Role of autocrine/paracrine mechanisms in response to myocardial strain8 February 2011 | Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 462, No. 1Impact of myocyte strain on cardiac myofilament activation16 March 2011 | Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 462, No. 1The cytoskeleton and the cellular transduction of mechanical strain in the heart: a special issue19 May 2011 | Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 462, No. 1Rainbow trout myocardium does not exhibit a slow inotropic response to stretchJournal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 214, No. 7The Anrep effect requires transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor30 April 2010 | The Journal of Physiology, Vol. 588, No. 9Early Hypertrophic Signals After Myocardial Stretch. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and the Sodium/Hydrogen Exchanger15 October 2009Stretch-Induced Inotropy in Atrial and Ventricular Myocardium15 October 2009Stretch-Activated Channels in the Heart: Contribution to Cardiac Performance15 October 2009Pharmacological modifications of the stretch-induced effects on ventricular fibrillation in perfused rabbit heartsFrancisco J. Chorro, Isabel Trapero, Luis Such-Miquel, Francisca Pelechano, Luis Mainar, Joaquín Cánoves, Álvaro Tormos, Antonio Alberola, Leif Hove-Madsen, Juan Cinca, and Luis Such1 November 2009 | American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, Vol. 297, No. 5Pulling on the Heart StringsCirculation Research, Vol. 104, No. 6Reduced Stretch-Induced Force Response in Failing Human Myocardium Caused by Impaired Na + -Contraction CouplingCirculation: Heart Failure, Vol. 2, No. 1Angiotensin II and myosin light-chain phosphorylation contribute to the stretch-induced slow force response in human atrial myocardium2 July 2008 | Cardiovascular Research, Vol. 79, No. 4Stretch-activated channels in the heart: Contributions to length-dependence and to cardiomyopathyProgress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Vol. 97, No. 2-3The slow force response to stretch in atrial and ventricular myocardium from human heart: Functional relevance and subcellular mechanismsProgress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Vol. 97, No. 2-3Dissociation of force decline from calcium decline by preload in isolated rabbit myocardium4 December 2007 | Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 456, No. 2Physiologie de la contraction cardiaqueEMC - Cardiologie, Vol. 3, No. 4Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species activate the slow force response to stretch in feline myocardium31 October 2007 | The Journal of Physiology, Vol. 584, No. 3Cardiovascular endothelins: Essential regulators of cardiovascular homeostasisPharmacology & Therapeutics, Vol. 111, No. 2Endothelin isoforms and the response to myocardial stretchIrene L. Ennis, Carolina D. Garciarena, Néstor G. Pérez, Raúl A. Dulce, María C. Camilión de Hurtado, and Horacio E. Cingolani1 June 2005 | American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, Vol. 288, No. 6Intracellular signaling following myocardial stretch: an autocrine/paracrine loopRegulatory Peptides, Vol. 128, No. 3Mechanisch induzierte Dissoziation von Kalzium vom kontraktilen Apparat elektrisch stimulierter, intakter, menschlicher, atrialer TrabekelZeitschrift f�r Herz-, Thorax- und Gef��chirurgie, Vol. 18, No. 5Activation of Na + -H + exchange and stretch-activated channels underlies the slow inotropic response to stretch in myocytes and muscle from the rat heart10 August 2004 | The Journal of Physiology, Vol. 559, No. 1Functional Relevance of the Stretch-Dependent Slow Force Response in Failing Human MyocardiumCirculation Research, Vol. 94, No. 10MODELING OF PROTEIN INTERACTIONS INVOLVED IN CARDIAC TENSION DEVELOPMENT20 November 2011 | International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, Vol. 13, No. 12Influence of Na + -Independent Cl − -HCO 3− Exchange on the Slow Force Response to Myocardial StretchCirculation Research, Vol. 93, No. 11Enhancement of Contractility With Sustained Afterload in the Intact Murine HeartCirculation, Vol. 107, No. 23Do stretch-induced changes in intracellular calcium modify the electrical activity of cardiac muscle?Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Vol. 82, No. 1-3Stretch-Elicited Autocrine/Paracrine Mechanism in the HeartCoronary perfusion and muscle lengthening increase cardiac contraction: different stretch-triggered mechanismsRegis R. Lamberts, Mattie H. P. van Rijen, Pieter Sipkema, Paul Fransen, Stanislas U. Sys, and Nico Westerhof1 October 2002 | American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, Vol. 283, No. 4William Watts Parmley, MD: a conversation with the editor**This series of interviews is underwritten by an unrestricted grant from Bristol-Myers Squibb.The American Journal of Cardiology, Vol. 89, No. 9Myofilament Calcium Sensitivity in Skinned Rat Cardiac TrabeculaeCirculation Research, Vol. 90, No. 1The Frank -Starling Relationship: Cellular and Molecular MechanismsEndogenous nitric oxide mechanisms mediate the stretch dependence of Ca2+ release in cardiomyocytes6 September 2001 | Nature Cell Biology, Vol. 3, No. 10Heart rate modulates the slow enhancement of contraction due to sudden left ventricular dilationPaulo José Ferreira Tucci, Neif Murad, Clever Land Rossi, Roberto Janzon Nogueira, and Orlando Santana1 May 2001 | American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, Vol. 280, No. 5An Autocrine/Paracrine Mechanism Triggered by Myocardial Stretch Induces Changes in ContractilityHoracio E. Cingolani, Néstor G. Pérez, and María C. Camilión de Hurtado1 April 2001 | Physiology, Vol. 16, No. 2Reverse Mode of the Na + -Ca 2+ Exchange After Myocardial StretchCirculation Research, Vol. 88, No. 4Isolated working rat heart adaptation after abrupt changes in extracellular Ca2+ concentrationResearch In Experimental Medicine, Vol. 200, No. 2Intracellular acidosis modulates the stretch-induced changes in E-C coupling of the rat atrium24 December 2001 | Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, Vol. 167, No. 3A Role for the Sarcolemmal Na + /H + Exchanger in the Slow Force Response to Myocardial StretchCirculation Research, Vol. 85, No. 8Mechanisms Underlying the Increase in Force and Ca 2+ Transient That Follow Stretch of Cardiac MuscleCirculation Research, Vol. 85, No. 8Modulation of ions channels and membrane receptors activities by mechanical interventions in cardiomyocytes: possible mechanisms for mechanosensitivityProgress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Vol. 71, No. 1The role of calcium in the response of cardiac muscle to stretchProgress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Vol. 71, No. 1Mechanisms of Stretch-Induced Changes in [Ca 2+ ] i in Rat Atrial MyocytesCirculation Research, Vol. 83, No. 11Mechanisms of length history-dependent tension in an ionic model of the cardiac myocyteWolfgang F. Bluhm, Wilbur Y. W. Lew, Alan Garfinkel, and Andrew D. McCulloch1 March 1998 | American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, Vol. 274, No. 3Effect of ventricular stretch on contractile strength, calcium transient, and cAMP in intact canine heartsKoji Todaka, Kazuhide Ogino, Anguo Gu, and Daniel Burkhoff1 March 1998 | American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, Vol. 274, No. 3Molekulare Grundlagen der HerzinsuffizienzCellular mechanisms for the slow phase of the frank—starling responseJournal of Electrocardiology, Vol. 31Changes in force and cytosolic Ca 2+ concentration after length changes in isolated rat ventricular trabeculae22 September 2004 | The Journal of Physiology, Vol. 506, No. 2Ejection has both positive and negative effects on left ventricular isovolumic relaxationDavid S. Berger, Katherine Vlasica, Christopher M. Quick, Kimberly A. Robinson, and Sanjeev G. Shroff1 December 1997 | American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, Vol. 273, No. 6Mechanical Transduction of Nitric Oxide Synthesis in the Beating HeartCirculation Research, Vol. 81, No. 3Basal Release of Nitric Oxide Augments the Frank-Starling Response in the Isolated HeartCirculation, Vol. 96, No. 4Myocardial length-force relationship in end stage dilated cardiomyopathy and normal human myocardium: analysis of intact and skinned left ventricular trabeculae obtained during 11 heart transplantationsBasic Research in Cardiology, Vol. 92, No. 4Recovery of Systolic and Diastolic Left Ventricular Function Early after Cardiopulmonary BypassAnesthesiology, Vol. 85, No. 5Characteristics of left-ventricular isovolumic pressure waves in isolated dog heartsHeart and Vessels, Vol. 9, No. 3Postextrasystolic potentiation. Do we really know what it means and how to use it?Circulation, Vol. 88, No. 6Geometric and muscle physiological factors of the frank-starling mechanismBasic Research in Cardiology, Vol. 88, No. 1Isoprenaline reverses the slow force responses to a length change in isolated rabbit papillary musclePfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 421, No. 5Effects of Endocardial Damage on Myocardial ContractionEffect of propionyl-L-carnitine on mechanical function of isolated rabbit heartCardiovascular Drugs and Therapy, Vol. 5, No. 1Estimation of left-ventricular systolic performance and its determinants in man from pressures and dimensions of one beat: Effects of aortic valve stenosis and replacementHeart and Vessels, Vol. 6, No. 1Ventricular pressure-volume relations as the primary basis for evaluation of cardiac mechanics Return to Frank's diagramBasic Research in Cardiology, Vol. 84, No. 3Preloading history influences pressure-volume-derived indices of myocardial contractility in the ejecting canine left ventricleThe Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Vol. 97, No. 4Influence of loading patterns on peak length-tension relation and on relaxation in cardiac muscleJournal of the American College of Cardiology, Vol. 13, No. 2Long-term versus intrabeat history of ejection as determinants of canine ventricular end-systolic pressure.Circulation Research, Vol. 64, No. 2Contractility and Pump Function of In Vivo Left Ventricle and Its Coupling with Arterial Load: Testing the AssumptionsTime-dependent increase in left ventricular contractility following acute volume loading in the dog.Circulation Research, Vol. 63, No. 3Mechanics and energetics of overstretch: The relationship of altered left ventricular volume to the Frank-Starling mechanism and phosphorylation potentialAmerican Heart Journal, Vol. 116, No. 2The Contribution of Myofibrillar Properties to the Sarcomere Length-Force Relationship of Cardiac MuscleIntracellular Calcium Concentration Following Length Changes in Mammalian Cardiac MuscleStarling's law of the heart is explained by an intimate interaction of muscle length and myofilament calcium activationJournal of the American College of Cardiology, Vol. 10, No. 5On the force-length relation in myocardiumComparison between the sarcomere length-force relations of intact and skinned trabeculae from rat right ventricle. Influence of calcium concentrations on these relations.Circulation Research, Vol. 58, No. 6Length dependence of activation studied in the isovolumic blood-perfused dog heart.Circulation Research, Vol. 55, No. 1Length dependence of changes in sarcoplasmic calcium concentration and myofibrillar calcium sensitivity in striated muscle fibresJournal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility, Vol. 5, No. 3Nuclear medical determination of the left ventricular normalized velocity of contractionEuropean Journal of Nuclear Medicine, Vol. 9, No. 5Influence of the velocity of changes in end-diastolic volume on the starling mechanism of isolated left ventriclesPfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 396, No. 3Relationship Between Cardiac Work and Cardiac Growth: Some General Thoughts on Cardiac HypertrophyContraction-excitation feedback in myocardium. Physiological basis and clinical relevance.Circulation Research, Vol. 50, No. 6Separate contribution of ventricular · pumping and load impedance on ventricular power outputMedical Hypotheses, Vol. 7, No. 8Caffeine reversal of length-dependent changes in myocardial contractile state in the cat.Circulation Research, Vol. 47, No. 4Determinants of instantaneous pressure in canine left ventricle. Time and volume specification.Circulation Research, Vol. 46, No. 2The influence of left ventricular filling on postextrasystolic potentiation in the dog heart.Circulation Research, Vol. 44, No. 5Indirekter Nachweis einer dehnungsinduzierten Ca++-Freisetzung aus dem sarkoplasmatischen Retikulum glyzerinisierter Skelett- und HerzmuskelpräparateBasic Research in Cardiology, Vol. 74, No. 2The ventricular pressure-volume diagram revisited.Circulation Research, Vol. 43, No. 5Effects of stroke volume and velocity of ejection on end-systolic pressure of canine left ventricle. End-systolic volume clamping.Circulation Research, Vol. 40, No. 5Microtubules in the “chloride cell” of the gill and disruptive effects of colchicine on the salt balance of the sea water adaptedMugil capitoJournal of Experimental Zoology, Vol. 199, No. 3A reexamination of the influence of muscle length on myocardial performance.Circulation Research, Vol. 40, No. 3Length-dependent activation: its effect on the length-tension relation in cat ventricular muscle.Circulation Research, Vol. 40, No. 3A three-element description for muscle with viscoelastic passive elementsJournal of Biomechanics, Vol. 10, No. 1Dehnungs- und entdehnungsinduzierte Änderungen der Mechanik des Katzenpapillarmuskels bei Variation physikalischer und chemischer ParameterBasic Research in Cardiology, Vol. 71, No. 4Dehnungs- und entdehnungsinduzierte Änderungen im passiven und aktiven Verhalten des isolierten KatzenpapillarmuskelsBasic Research in Cardiology, Vol. 70, No. 3Length-tension diagram and force-velocity relations of mammalian cardiac muscle under steady-state conditionsPfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 355, No. 4The effect of sudden stretches on length-tension-and force-velocity relations of mammalian cardiac musclePfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 357, No. 3-4Instantaneous Pressure-Volume Relationships and Their Ratio in the Excised, Supported Canine Left VentricleCirculation Research, Vol. 35, No. 1Brief Reviews : Determination of Left Ventricular Size and ShapeCirculation Research, Vol. 34, No. 1The Mechanosensory HeartMechanoelectrical Interactions and Their Role in Electrical Function of the Heart More from this issue > Volume 224Issue 5May 1973Pages 1195-1199 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1973 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1973.224.5.1195PubMed4700639History Published online 1 May 1973 Published in print 1 May 1973 Metrics

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