Abstract
Dos géneros de peces, Orestias (Cyprinodontidae) y Trichomycterus (Trichomicteridae), habitan en el Parque Nacional Lauca, Reserva de la Biosfera de la UNESCO, ubicado en la sierra de los Andes en el norte de Chile. El presente estudio analizó la relación longitud-peso para cuatro especies nativas de Orestias (O. Parinacotensis, O. Laucaensis, O. Chungarensis y O. Piacotensis) y dos especies nativas de Tricomycterius (T. Chungaraensis y T. laucaensis), obtenido en siete localidades diferentes. Nuestros resultados mostraron que el crecimiento valores de los coeficientes “B” para Orestias varió de 2,89 (O. Parinacotensis) a través de 4,04 (O. P iacotensis) y Trichomycterus entre 2.53 (T. Laucaensis en Parinacota humedales) a través de 3,63 (T. laucaensis en Caquena río). Todas las relaciones talla-peso fueron significativas (p <0,01), con r 2 superior a 0,82. O. laucaensis, O. piacotensis y T. chungaraensis mostró un crecimiento alométrico positivo (b > 3). Sin embargo, dos especies O. parinacotensis y T. laucaensis mostró un crecimiento alométrico negativo (b <3). Sólo O. chungarensis mostró un crecimiento isométrico con b = 3. La intensa actividad antrópica, la introducción de peces exóticos y el cambio climático presentan riesgos importantes para una comunidad única de peces endémicos de los altos Andes. Two genera of fish, Orestias (Cyprinodontidae) and Trichomycterus (Trichomicteridae), inhabit in the Lauca National Park, UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, located at the Andes highlands in northern Chile. The present study analyzed the length-weight relationship for four native species of Orestias (O. parinacotensis, O. laucaensis, O. chungarensis and O. piacotensis) and two native species of Tricomycterius (T. chungaraensis and T. laucaensis), obtained at seven different localities. Our results showed that the growth coefficient values “b” for Orestias ranged from 2.89 (O. parinacotensis) through 4.04 (O. piacotensis) and Trichomycterus between 2.53 (T. laucaensis in Parinacota wetland) through 3.14 (T. laucaensis in Caquena River). All length-weight relationships were significant (p < 0.01), with r 2 higher than 0.82. O. laucaensis, O. piacotensis and T. chungaraensis showed positive allometric growth (b > 3). However, two species O. parinacotensis and T. laucaensis showed negative allometric growth (b < 3). Only O. chungarensis showed isometric growth with b = 3. Intense anthropic activity, exotic fish introduction, and climate change present important risks for a unique endemic fish community of the high Andes.
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