Abstract
ABSTRACT Previous leisure researchers have investigated the effects of leisure boredom and leisure challenges on smartphone use and related health outcomes. In this study, we aimed to determine how these related constructs are associated with emotional distress (e.g. depression, anxiety, and stress) among college students. A convenience sample of 601 college students completed online surveys. The results show that leisure boredom was positively related to smartphone use and emotional distress, leisure challenge was negatively related to smartphone use and emotional distress, and smartphone use was negatively related to emotional distress. This study suggests that experiencing leisure boredom may be a contributing factor to college students’ excessive smartphone use and emotional distress (e.g. depression, anxiety, and stress), while leisure challenge may reduce their smartphone use and emotional distress.
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