Abstract
Visceral leishmaniosis (VL) is an important opportunistic infection in patients with advanced HIV infection living in France Italy Spain and Portugal. More than 500 cases of HIV-associated VL have been reported from these countries. Currently almost 50% of all adult cases of VL in Spain are HIV associated making VL the third most common opportunistic infection (OI) in some areas of Spain and Portugal. Our understanding regarding the complex interaction between both pathogens however is regrettably incomplete. Part of the problem is that despite good arguments to the contrary VL is not an AIDS-defining OI according to the Center for Disease Control -- World Health Organization classification. Moreover most available data were generated in retrospective case series and prospective studies of the interaction between leishmaniosis and HIV are lacking. (excerpt)
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