Leishmaniose visceral canina em Rondônia: relato de um caso autóctone

Henrique Momo Ziemniczak,Maerle Oliveira Maia,Elvino Ferreira,Guilherme Henrique Lemes Da Silva,Klaus Casaro Saturnino,Thaís Rabelo Dos Santos-Doni

doi:10.21708/avb.2021.15.1.9422

Abstract

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar, is a disseminated protozoan infection caused by the Leishmania donovani complex. Traditionally, the definitive diagnosis is made by detecting amastigotes in biological tissue samples. In August 2015, an apparently healthy, young adult, female, mongrel dog from the Zoonosis Control Center of the Rolim de Moura,Rondônia, was subjected to the canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis. The diagnosis was conducted using bone marrow aspirate smears and popliteal lymph node smears by Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB); stained slides with Diff-Quick screened for Leishmania amastigotes by means of direct optical microscopic examination (100×). Lymph node and bone marrow aspirates were used to investigate the presence of Leishmania infantum chagasi DNA by real-time PCR. The popliteal lymph node positive result was observed in typical amastigotes, presenting nucleus and kinetoplasts associated with lymphoblastic proliferation, reactive macrophages, plasmocytes (commonly Mott cells), eosinophils, and lymphoglandular hyperplasia. A positive bone marrow sample resulted from the observation of amastigotes in the monocyte cytoplasm or free on the smear background. The presence of the L. infantum kDNA was detected in lymph node and bone marrow FNAB samples. This research note describes the autochthonous case of CVL recorded in the state of Rondônia, Brazil, a non-endemic area for VL. According to the data, future studies must include a larger number of animals to elucidate the parasite’s epidemiological resource in Rondônia.

Highlights

Leishmaniasis is a tropical disease included among the neglected diseases affecting the poorest populations of developing countries
The dog it was subjected to the Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) diagnosis using bone marrow aspirate smears and popliteal lymph node smears by Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB); the smears were stained with Diff-Quick and screened for Leishmania spp. amastigotes by direct optical microscopic examination (100×)
This research note describes an autochthonous case of CVL recorded in the state of Rondônia (RO), Brazil, a non-endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Leishmaniasis is a tropical disease included among the neglected diseases affecting the poorest populations of developing countries. The disease occurs widely in tropical and subtropical areas and can be found in 98 countries in America (North, Central, South), Africa, Europe, and Asia. The epidemiology underscores the seriousness of the situation and the geographic expansion of VL, a neglected disease with a high degree of lethality; there is a greater occurrence in populations with poor conditions of sanitation, housing, unplanned urban occupation, and favorable climate, which facilitates the presence of the vector (WERNECK, 2010). Leishmania infantum chagasi (synonymous with Leishmania chagasi; Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) is the etiological agent of zoonotic VL in Asia, Africa, and Europe and in Central and South America (MAIA; CARDOSO, 2015). The Ethics Committee on Animal Experimentation, UNIR of the May 4, 2014 – Protocol No PP 010/2014, approved this study

CASE REPORT

Findings

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS