Abstract
Legislative member organizations (LMOs) have been shown to provide bridging, cross-cutting ties for legislators across committees and parties (Ringe and Victor 2013). Evidence about the utility of LMOs across national legislatures remains scarce. In this paper, we investigate the usage of LMOs in three parliaments: the Estonian Riigikogu, the Israeli Knesset, and the European Parliament. We use membership data from the LMOs in these parliaments to investigate whether they provide bridging ties in all the institutions under investigation. Our analyses support our expectations, but do not provide a evidence of a causal relationship; therefore, we find further support about the role that LMOs play in national legislatures but need further research to investigate the intended purpose of the groups.
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