Legionella pneumophila

Abstract

Legionellae are environmental bacteria that can be frequently isolated from technical water supply systems. The most prevalent species is Legionella pneumophila, especially serogroup 1. In the environment, legionellae multiply in amoebae. Since Legionella pneumonias cannot be distinguished from pneumonias caused by other microbial pathogens, special microbiological tests, e.g., urinary antigen assays, are essential to detect Legionella infections. All water supply systems to which the patient is exposed during the incubation time of 2 to 10 days might be the source of the infection. This can be confirmed or excluded by molecular typing of isolates from patients and the environment. The most commonly used techniques are monoclonal antibody typing and sequence-based typing (SBT). Some sequence types (ST) are frequently found among clinical strains but are seldom isolated from the environment, e.g., ST 23, 42, 47, 62, and 146. It is safe to assume that such strains are highly virulent. Conversely, it does not seem to be justified to dedicate the same awareness to all environmental Legionella strains.