Abstract
This chapter lays the ground for the analysis in Chap. 13 providing an introduction to the state aid rules applicable to states’ financing of public services and the development of key concepts like gratuitous advantage to the recipient including the notion of an undertaking and the notion of economic activity. Central in providing the legal basis for the subsequent analysis is the understanding of case law by the CJEU in particular in regard of these concepts and the Altmark-doctrine which provides guidance on the understanding of the limitations of the state aid competence of the Commission.
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