Legal regulation of the principle of proportionality in criminal proceedings under martial law

Abstract

The article examines the legal regulation of the principle of proportionality in criminal proceedings under martial law. During the statement of the problem, it is noted that restrictions on human rights and freedoms during martial law must be commensurate with the specific situation of danger and the need to carry out effective criminal proceedings. In the course of disclosing the state of development of the relevant issues, it is noted that despite the fact that scientists paid attention to some aspects of the proportionality of the limitation of human rights and freedoms in the criminal process, there are currently separate problems of legal regulation of the principle of proportionality in criminal proceedings under martial law. During the presentation of the main material, it is indicated that the principle of proportionality should be used in every case of possible limitation of the fundamental right of a person in criminal proceedings. It is emphasized that the recognition of the principle of proportionality at the legislative level will protect against possible regulatory gaps regarding the requirement of proportionate restriction of human rights in criminal proceedings. Attention is focused on the fact that the normalized general principle of proportionality should apply to all circumstances of excessive procedural interference with the rights of a person, which cannot be comprehensively predicted objectively in the legislative prescriptions. It is emphasized that in criminal proceedings under martial law, in addition to the general principle of proportionality, a special principle of proportionality must be observed, which is related to the need to take into account the severity of the combat situation during the implementation of criminal procedural activities and ensure the rights of participants in criminal proceedings. It is concluded that the special principle of proportionality should be regulated in such a way as to potentially apply to all possible situations of criminal proceedings during martial law. It is determined that criminal procedural law must "require" that a special principle of proportionality be assessed in relation to each case of departure from the general procedure of criminal procedure. It is concluded that by applying the special principle of proportionality, the proportionality between the state (public) interest, enhanced by the "security" component, and the private interest is determined.