Abstract
Human trafficking is a pervasive global issue violating fundamental human rights and affecting millions annually across borders. Efforts to combat it involve intricate legal frameworks and international collaboration mechanisms. This research delves into the effectiveness and hurdles of these approaches. It begins with an overview of national and international legal structures. Various instruments, treaties, and protocols criminalizing trafficking and protecting victims are explored, with emphasis on the United Nation's Palermo Protocol. Furthermore, the study scrutinizes mechanisms fostering international cooperation. This includes bilateral and multilateral agreements, legal assistance, extradition treaties, and information-sharing networks. Organizations like United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and International Organization for Migration (IOM) play crucial roles in facilitating cooperation and providing support. However, despite progress, challenges persist. Inconsistent implementation of laws, insufficient resources for enforcement and victim support, jurisdictional complexities, and corruption hinder effectiveness. Addressing these issues demands sustained commitment, resource allocation, and cross-border collaboration to protect the vulnerable and hold perpetrators accountable.
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