Legal Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in the Field of Criminal Defense

Abstract

The introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the realm of criminal defense introduces the potential for innovative transformations within the judicial system, albeit accompanied by a series of intricate and significant challenges. This paper encapsulates the primary challenges faced by AI in criminal defense. Initially, technical challenges encompass data privacy and security, algorithmic transparency and fairness, and model interpretability. Secondly, ethical issues involve the moral guidelines of AI adjudications and its impact on human rights and social justice. Thirdly, legal challenges include the legitimacy and reliability of evidence, and the regulation of AI decision-making within the legal framework. Lastly, the application of AI may also induce an evolution in the roles of legal practitioners, thereby redefining their function within judicial processes. In essence, the development of AI in the field of criminal defense necessitates a holistic consideration of these challenges and the formulation of corresponding strategies to ensure its application is both effective and equitable, while aligning with legal and ethical values. The significance of this research lies in providing innovative and improvement opportunities for the judicial system by exploring the application of AI in the field of criminal defense and the challenges it faces, while also confronting the challenges brought about by new technologies and actively seeking solutions to ensure that the application of AI in criminal defense can fully unleash its potential while adhering to legal, ethical, and societal norms.